Abstract: Functional magnetic nanomaterials, whose properties are fundamentally different from their bulk counterparts, have attracted a global interest owing to their prospective applications in advanced spintronics and nanomedicine. In this lecture, I will discuss fundamental aspects of nanomagnetism, properties of magnetic materials upon size reduction to the nanoscale, and recent advances in synthesis, characterization and applications of magnetic nanomaterials and their hybrid nanostructures. In particular, I will demonstrate how magnetic (iron oxide) nanoparticles can be effectively exploited for selective drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia, and biodetection. Finally, I highlight our recent discovery of strong room-temperature ferromagnetism in transition metal dichalcogenide (VSe₂) as the material is reduced from bulk (micro-size) to a single layer (less than nm). This is a new type of magnetic nanomaterial which has the potential to transform the field of van der Waals spintronics. 

 

Biographical Sketch: Dr. Phan is an Associate Professor of Physics at the University of South Florida, USA. He received B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Physics from Vietnam National University (2000), Chungbuk National University – South Korea (2003), and Bristol University – United Kingdom (2006), respectively. His research interests lie in the physics and applications of magnetic materials, with an expertise on the development of novel materials exhibiting magnetocaloric and magnetoimpedance effects for energy-efficient magnetic refrigeration and smart sensor technologies. He has published more than 240 peer-reviewed journal papers (h-index: 40 from Google Scholar), 4 review papers, 4 book chapters, and 1 text book. Presently, he serves as Editor for Journal of Electronic Materials, Editor for Applied Sciences, and Managing Editor for Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices. He is a regular reviewer for more than 100 major journals, with 10 “Outstanding Referee” awards from various ISI journals. He is the winner of the 2017 Outstanding Research Achievement Award of the University of South Florida. He has delivered keynote, plenary and invited talks at professional meetings on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (MMM, ICM, APS, MRS, ISAMMA) and organized international conferences on Nanomaterials, Energy, and Nanotechnology.

Abstract: Ionic solids are important for electronic and energy storage/conversion devices. Examples include ferroelectrics and solid oxides. Defects in these materials play a central role in enabling their properties: for example, the electromechanics of ferroelectrics occurs by the nucleation and growth of domain wall defects, and solid oxide ionic conduction is through the motion of point defects. I will talk about our efforts to develop multiscale atomistic methods to understand the structure of defects in these materials. The central challenge is the long-range nature of the electrostatic interactions coupled with the nonlinearity of the short-range interactions.

 

Biographical Sketch: Kaushik Dayal is Professor of Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University. He received his B.Tech. at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras and his M.S. and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at Caltech. His research interests are in the area of theoretical and computational multiscale methods applied to functional materials and electromagnetic effects. His research has been recognized by young investigator awards from ARO, AFOSR and NSF, the Eshelby and Leonardo da Vinci medals, and the Carnegie Institute Early Career Fellowship. He has held visiting appointments at the University of Bath, University of Bonn, National Energy Technology Laboratory and Air Force Research Laboratory.

 

Abstract: More than 1.5 million people undergo bone graft procedures annually in the US to repair bone defects that will not heal spontaneously. These defects severely decrease the quality of life and are an economic burden to those affected and to the health care system. The already considerable demand for treatment is growing rapidly as the population ages and life expectancy increases. Allograft and autograft simply cannot adequately address the growing demand. The biggest technical and scientific challenge in treating these defects is in achieving complete osteointegration. There are promising approaches that combine scaffolds with exogenous cells and growth factors; however, these approaches are complex, expensive, and are still often considered to be too risky to the patient. New approaches that are safe, can be implemented in the near-term, and that could be applied to a range of scaffolds, and potentially even allografts, are needed.  My research group focuses on manufacture, design, characterization, and application of CaP scaffolds with multiscale porosity.  Our approach is to use capillary action to self-seed, or impregnate, CaP scaffolds that have multiscale porosity. We hypothesized that capillary force driven self-seeding would enhance bone regeneration. In vitro studies and a mathematical model showed that the micropore-generated capillarity generated was sufficient to draw in cells.  Further, the penetration depth was dependent on cell size and stiffness, with some cell types penetrating further than others.  In the subsequent in vivo study, samples that used capillarity, i.e. dry samples, were implanted and compared to two groups:  wet and non-microporous (NMP).  Wet samples were infiltrated with PBS prior to implantation such that they could not make use of capillarity.  NMP samples did not contain microporosity and therefore had reduced capillarity. After three weeks, the average volume fraction of bone for all groups was the same across groups. However, the distribution of bone and the depth of bone growth were significantly better for dry samples compared to wet and NMP.  The results have important implications in scaffold design, and use of this mechanism will help to address the challenge of repair of critical size bone defects in scaffold-based bone repair. Further, it will do so without the use of growth factors or exogenous cells.

Biographical Sketch: Professor Amy Wagoner Johnson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering (MechSE) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, an inaugural faculty member of the new Carle Illinois College of Medicine, and a Chair of Excellence with the NanoSciences Foundation (Grenoble, France). Her research focuses on biomaterials and biomechanics, including soft tissue related mechanics to preterm birth and microstructural cues in CaP-based materials for bone regeneration. She received her BS in Materials Science and Engineering from The Ohio State University, and PhD in Engineering from Brown University in 2002 with major in materials science and minor in solid mechanics.  She joined University of Illinois in 2001 as research faculty, became an Assistant Professor in 2005, and Associate Professor in 2012.  She is currently a part-time faculty member of the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and has affiliations with the Department of Bioengineering, and Institute for Genomic Biology, where she is a Core Member of the Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering Theme.

Abstract: My research is aimed at creating materials that will be the building blocks of economical, large-scale, clean energy technologies of the future. The key to creating effective energy conversion materials is controlling the flow of energy, matter and electricity at the nanoscale by careful design of the shape, size and composition of materials at the same scale. I am primarily interested in developing materials for cheap yet efficient solar cells that either generate electricity or directly generate chemical fuels. As an example, I will present semiconductor/liquid junction solar cells constructed on metal oxide nanowire scaffolds that achieved record photocurrents, and also new results on metal sulfide materials. Equally important is the development of methods for the rapid, economical synthesis of highly structured nanomaterials in quantities that match the scale of our energy problem. As an example, I will describe novel flame-synthesis methods for the bottom-up growth of arrays of single-crystal metal oxide nanowires and composites over large areas on electrically conductive substrates. Technologies like this may someday remove barriers to the practical implementation of nanotechnology in solar energy conversion devices.

Biographical Sketch: Pratap Rao is an Assistant Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI). He received his BS in 2007 from WPI and his PhD in 2013 from Stanford University. He has co-authored 27 peer-reviewed papers that have collectively been cited over 1,700 times. His work on materials for solar energy conversion and electrocatalysis is currently funded by the National Science Foundation and the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center. At WPI, he is the recipient of the Mechanical Engineering Excellence in Research Award and the James Nichols Heald Research Award.

 

Abstract: Research in the Simmons Lab works to understand the feedback loop between cell-level processes and tissue-level mechanics. We have developed our own characterization equipment to effectively compare excised tissues, synthetic hydrogels, and engineered constructs. With our custom tools and models, we are studying a novel animal, the African Spiny Mouse, that is capable of regenerating skin, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle without fibrosis, and we are attempting to recreate these regenerative processes in vitro. To study pancreatic cancer, we are using cells from patients to engineer tumors-in-a-dish that have the same mechanical properties of the original tumors for translational and clinical applications.

Biographical Sketch: Chelsey S. Simmons, Ph.D., joined the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Florida in Fall 2013, following a visiting research position at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich. Her research lab investigates the relationship among cell biology and tissue mechanics, and their projects are funded by the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and American Heart Association. She has received numerous fellowships and awards, including BMES-CMBE’s Rising Star Award (2017) and ASME’s New Faces Award (2015). In addition to her engineering research and coursework, Simmons received a Ph.D. Minor in Education and is the PI of a $600k Research Experiences for Teachers Site. She teaches undergraduate Mechanics of Materials and graduate BioMEMS courses and received Teacher of the Year in 2017. Simmons received her B.S. cum laude from Harvard University and her M.S. and Ph.D. from Stanford University.